LEIL TISHA B'AV
Yaakov Avinu leaves his parents' home and spends fourteen years at the Academy of Shem and Ever on his journey towards Haran.. On the way to Lavan he stops to rest overnight:
"He encountered the place and spent the night there because the sun had set; ... and he lay down in that place." (Bereishit 28:11).

At first glance, the words bamakom hahu - "in that place" seem superfluous. Did the Torah not just record "he lay down"? Is there any place other than bamakom hahu that he would have lain down? Rashi quotes the midrash: "This expresses exclusion; in that place he lay down, but during the fourteen years that he served in the house of Ever, he did not lie down at night, because he was occupied with Torah." It is difficult to believe that Chazal meant that Yaakov did not sleep at all. In Gemara Sukka we learn: "He who takes an oath not to sleep for three days is to be punished with malkus and he may sleep immediately." (Sukka 53a). Not sleeping at all, even for just three days, is impossible! What Chazal meant was that he would doze off at times, but he never actually lay down to sleep. It was only when he arrived "at that place" that he deliberately went to sleep.

Why did Yaakov go to sleep? We would have expected a Yeshiva scholar of his caliber to be engrossed in his learning. It is hardly possible that when he left the Yeshiva, he left his love for learning behind. Furthermore, Chazal tell us that Yaakov went there to daven: "When he reached Charan, he said to himself: 'Shall I have passed through the place where my fathers prayed and not pray too?'" (Chullin 91b) This was not merely a stop on the road. Yaakov purposely returned to Har HaMoriah in order to daven. If Yaakov realized what the place was, why does he say: "Hashem is present in this place and I did not know"? (Bereishit 28:16). How could he not have known? His sole motive in returning there was that he knew what it was!

We can gain some insight into this incident through a midrash that is also cited in the halacha. The night that Yaakov slept "in that place" was the night of Tisha B'Av. Although fourteen Tisha B'Avs had passed during the fourteen years Yaakov was in the Yeshiva, Yaakov did not feel the destruction. It was only when he arrived bamakom hahu - at the site of the Beis HaMikdash and he actually saw the destruction that he felt Tisha B'Av. The Kinos recited on Tisha B'Av mention the fact that Yaakov saw the destruction. Upon perceiving the Beis HaMikdash lying in ruins, Yaakov remarked: "ein zeh kee im Beit Elokim vezeh shaar hashamayim", whose simple translation is "This is none other than the abode of G-d and this is the gate of the heavens!" (Bereishit 28:17). According to this midrash, we can interpret the words "ein zeh" to mean "it was not there" - Yaakov Avinu suddenly realized that the Beis Hamikdash -the abode of G-d- was no longer standing. He stopped learning immediately, since halacha mandates that learning Torah is forbidden on Tisha B'Av. Now that he was observing his first Tisha B'Av and could not learn, he lay down to sleep.

When he arrived at the place and beheld the destruction, "Yaakov instituted the Maariv prayer." (Brachot 26b). Yaakov established the prayer that is recited at night, because night represents the darkness of the exile. Avraham and Yitzchak established Shacharis and Mincha, which are recited during the hours of daylight, corresponding to the time when the Beis HaMikdash was standing. Shacharis and Mincha are obligatory, but "the evening prayer is elective." (ibid. 27b). Perhaps this is because the exile too was "elective" - it did not have to take place. If we had not deserved it, it would not have happened. On Tisha B'Av, the halacha states, one should sleep with some discomfort, which explains why Yaakov placed a rock under his head when he lay down

"HAD I KNOWN I WOULD NOT HAVE SLEPT!"
Perhaps we can offer another understanding of Yaakov's declaration: "This is none other than the abode of G-d and this is the gate of the heavens." Chazal teach us that while the Beis HaMikdash stands, "Their interiors are consecrated but their rooftops are unconsecrated." (Pesachim 86a) There was no sanctity in the roofs of the Sanctuary. Following the destruction, the sanctity was boundless and continued upward to the heavens. Yaakov knew that this was the place where his fathers had prayed, but on witnessing the destruction in all its darkness, he thought that the Divine Presence had left. When he awoke, he realized that the Shechina was indeed present, even during times of destruction, and so he exclaimed: "Achen yesh Hashem bamakom hazeh ve-anochi lo yadati" - "Hashem is present in this place and I did not know!" Had he been aware of the fact that Har HaMoriah retained its holiness even after the destruction, he would have known that it was an inappropriate place to sleep. Yaakov realized that this night had offered him a golden opportunity to grow to new heights, and he had wasted it.

Yirmiyahu the prophet declared: - "You, Hashem, are enthroned forever, Your throne is eternal." (Eicha 5:19) What does this pasuk teach us that we do not already know? We can understand it in the context of the previous pasuk:" "For foxes prowl on Mount Zion which lies desolate." Yirmiyahu is teaching us that even at times when foxes tread on Har Zion, during times of destruction, when it lies desolate, "You, Hashem, are enthroned forever, Your throne is eternal." This is what Yaakov Avinu learned: the Divine Presence had not departed, therefore it was inappropriate to sleep "in that place."

Rav Aryeh Levin, who was the Mashgiach in Yeshivas Etz Chaim, quoted this reaction of Yaakov's: "Had I known, I would not have slept." This, he told his students, is how a Yeshiva bochur should feel. He must realize the importance of the Yeshiva and the opportunities it presents. The years should not be wasted in sleep! Obviously sleep is a necessary bodily function and none of us can be expected to be like Yaakov Avinu, who did not sleep during his fourteen years in Yeshiva. However, it should be confined to its appropriate time and place, not during the shiur or during time which should be set aside for learning.

"Had I known I would not have slept." Even during his sleep Yaakov Avinu achieved tremendous heights. He dreamt of a ladder:
"A ladder was set earthward and its top reached heavenward; and behold! angels of G-d were ascending and descending it." (Bereishit 28:12)

He dreamt of Hashem's promise to grant him Eretz Yisrael and to protect him, as well as Hashem's other promises mentioned in the Torah. Despite this, he regretted that he had wasted the opportunity of a night at the site of the Beis Hamikdash by sleeping.

This is how a Yeshiva student should feel. He should realize the holiness of the place and value the years in which he has the opportunity to sit in Yeshiva and study Torah. It would be sad if when the time came to leave the Yeshiva, the student were full of regrets for not having realized what a tremendous place it is, and instead he wasted his time sleeping! Of course, a student must eat when it is time to eat and sleep when it is time to sleep, but he must also learn when it is time to learn! The years in Yeshiva must not go to waste.

A TORAH PATCHED TOGETHER FROM TATTERED PIECES
The Gemara (Sanhedrin 71a) tells us: "If someone sleeps in the Beis Midrash, his Torah becomes kraim kraim - 'tattered,' as it says, 'and a slumberer will wear tattered clothing.'" (Mishle 23:21) Although this statement of Chazal has profound meaning, it can be understood on a simple level as well. Let us imagine, for example that a student asks the Rav a she'eilah: "Is cooking permissible on Shabbos?" The Rav obviously answers that it is forbidden. Another student then asks the Rav if cooking is permissible on Yom Tov and of course the Rav answers that it is allowed. What would happen if a student dozed off after the first question and woke up just before the second answer? He would mistakenly believe that cooking is permissible on Shabbos! His Torah becomes tattered - patched together from tattered pieces.

INFORMATION AND LOGIC
Although we should attempt to accumulate as much knowledge as possible in the Yeshiva, to learn as many pages of Gemara, Tosafos, and R' Chaim as we can, we must realize that spending the time in Yeshiva merely amassing volume of knowledge constitutes wasting time in the preference of quantity over quality. The purpose of Yeshiva is also to teach us how to think using the Torah's logic.

Knowledge can be gained outside the Yeshiva as well. All one needs do is sit in a Beis Midrash and open up some books. However, learning to think in a logical manner and to uncover the depths of the Torah is very difficult to learn elsewhere. Obviously the Torah giants of the world can do so outside the Yeshiva as well, but an ordinary person can only accomplish this within the walls of the Yeshiva. We must take advantage of the time we have here, to understand why Rashi rules as he does, why Tosafos did not accept this, and why the Rambam differed from both of them. Did the Rambam simply have a different version of the text or was there another reason for his divergent view? Although the knowledge we gain without discovering the logic may be true, life is not conducted solely based on the cases mentioned in the Gemara, thus it is important to understand and to be able to compare one case to another.

The Gemara cites a halacha in the name of R' Evyatar. R' Yoseph asked: "Who tells us that R' Evyatar is reliable?" Abaye says: "It is understandable that you can discredit the standing of a scholar for a mistake in something dependent on logic, but an oral teaching? He may never have heard this oral tradition." (Gittin 6b) No person can master the Torah in its entirety. There is no end to the amount of information one can still learn. We must strive to master everything, all the while remembering: lo alecha hamelacha ligmor לא עליך המלאכה לגמר -"You are not required to complete the task." (Pirke Avot 2:21) However, the ability to use logic is an art which a person must master, and it is not found in any book. If a person uses logic incorrectly, he cannot achieve greatness in Torah, while in the area of information, he may be unaware of a particular point and yet still be considered great. Paradoxically, the Gemara teaches us: "Rav Yosef was a well-read scholar (literally, like Har Sinai) - he was familiar with the many precepts of the Torah: Rabba, on the other hand, was a keen dialectician (literally, he could uproot mountains with his logic.) An inquiry was sent: Which of these should take precedence? The reply came back: 'A well-read scholar is to take precedence.'" (Horayot 14a) This implies that amassing knowledge is preferable to developing one's thinking ability. The reason for this is that without basic knowledge, logic cannot produce correct results. Once there is a basis of knowledge, one can compare one thing to another using his own logic and draw his own conclusions on particular halachic issues.

"ROLLING OBSTACLES" - APPLYING A PRINCIPLE
How does one infer halacha? Let us view an example. Nowadays, most stores have tiled floors and do not generally contain a bor, or 'pit'. At one time sugar and salt were kept in large sacks. When a customer came in to the store, she would tell the owner how much salt she wanted and he would take the appropriate amount from the large sack and transfer it into whatever container she had. One time several women came in to a store at the same time. They all requested sugar. The shopkeeper gave them what they asked for and they each brought it home and used it as an ingredient in the food that they cooked. A short while later it was discovered that there had beena mix-up and they had been sold salt instead of sugar. One woman's cake was ruined, another's tea, and another's fish. Is the storekeeper obligated to reimburse them for their losses? The Rav (Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach) zt"l ruled that he is. This ruling was based on the concept of bor hamisgalgel "a pitfall that is moved about." (See Baba Kamma 6a. A person placed a large stone in a public area which caused no damage while stationary. The stone was then kicked by people walking and caused damage in its new location (Rashi)).

The Rav explained that a bor hamisgalgel need not be in the form of a pit, but can be, as in this case, in the guise of a bag of sugar or salt. This is what true learning is. We must know how to compare one thing to another.

Yeshiva students commonly ask why they need to learn Baba Kamma if they neither own an ox nor have pits in their yards! It is indeed possible that they have a halachically defined bor in their house. I believe that each us has some type of obstacle in our homes, for example, a child may fall off a chair or table and break his leg. The child does not realize the ramifications of what has occurred, but when he grows up he should actually be able to sue his father for damages! Although I am not a dayan, this would seem to be the halacha. This is just one of many examples of how the study of Gemara is relevant to our daily lives.

Some people might not understand how to use the laws as practical guidelines. They view the Gemara as esoteric concepts that have no connection to their lives. A person might be in the middle of learning, "If one leaves a jug in a public domain and someone else comes along and stumbles over it and breaks it ..." (Mishna Baba Kamma perek 3, Mishna 1) yet on his way out of the Beis Midrash, he throws a banana peel into a public domain. The banana peel now has the status of a bor birshut harabim "a pit in a public domain." (Shabbat 99a)

The Gemara states: "He who wishes to be pious must fulfill the laws of Nezikin.".(Baba Kamma 30a) One way to attain piety is to fulfill the precepts relating to laws of damages, one of which is not to throw a banana peel into the street. Where in the entire Shas is it mentioned that one should not throw a banana peel in the street? Does the Talmud even mention bananas? Rabenu Nosson Rosh HaYeshiva states that the word 'banana' is hinted at in Shas in the words bnos shuach. (See Brachot 40b) Bnos shuach is a type of fruit described by the Gemara as "white figs". Even if he is correct, it does not say anywhere in Shas that a person should not throw the peels of bnos shuach into the street! The only way to derive a halachic conclusion regarding the banana peel is to apply the principles of Maseches Baba Kamma. Torah is not irrelevant abstract pieces of information - it is our life!

We learn that if a person steals something and is caught, he must pay double the value of the item he stole. The Torah specifies that this applies "from an ox to a donkey to a lamb." (Shmot 22:3) Presumably this includes other things as well, even if they are worth significantly less. Chazal tell us that the entire Torah comprises one unit. Every Maseches has information relevant to other subjects. Not only can we learn laws of damages in Baba Kamma and laws of Shabbos in Maseches Shabbos, but laws of damages are found in Maseches Shabbos and laws of Shabbos can be found in Maseches Baba Kamma.

Authorities such as Eglei Tal and the Rogatchover demonstrate how the entire Torah is one large picture. When the Eglei Tal discusses issues related to the prohibited melachos of Shabbos, he brings proofs from Kodshim, Taharos, Nezikin, and the rest of Shas. The Rogatchover also makes reference to sources from all over Shas. One would have to work extremely hard to gain expertise in all these areas. As we mentioned before, one must not only have knowledge in all areas of Torah, but one must also understand its inner logic as well as the Rishonim and Acharonim and know how to apply all of it.

The Ibn Ezra writes, "The empty-headed will wonder what Moshe did on Har Sinai for forty days and forty nights." (Ibn Ezra's commentary to Shmot 31:18) They wonder why it took Moshe forty days and forty nights to master the Torah. Why does Ibn Ezra refer to them as "empty-headed"? Perhaps if they believed that they could master the entire Written and Oral Torah including Rashi, Rambam, Ketzos, Nesivos, etc. in less than forty days and nights, they must be the Torah giants of the world! The Ibn Ezra explains that they are empty-headed because they do not realize that "If Moshe stood there with Hashem for this number of years (forty) and double double of this number (an additional 160 years totaling 200), he would not be able to understand even one thousandth of the ways of Hashem, and what lies behind His mitzvos." This means that even if someone were as great as Moshe Rabenu and had two hundred thousand years to learn, he would still not be able to achieve a complete understanding of the Torah through natural means. I would therefore suggest that everyone spend as much time as he can in Yeshiva.

STUDYING THE THIRTEEN RULES BY WHICH THE TORAH IS EXPOUNDED
Chazal describe the Torah as a gift from Hashem. If so, what did Moshe spend his time studying during these forty days? It seems to me that he studied the outlines and patterns of the mitzvos. Moshe learned, for example, what a Sukkah should look like and what Tefillin should look like. He studied the "the rules by which the Torah is elucidated," the methods of logic and in-depth study. For example, Moshe learned what can be derived from a kal vachomer and from a gezeira shava.

Without some basic knowledge, using the tool of kal vachomer alone can produce warped ideas of what the Torah is trying to say. By means of a kal vachomer one can theoretically conclude that one is required to eat matzah on Sukkos! The kal vachomer would be that if even on Pesach when one is not required to live in the Sukkah, one is required to eat matzah, then kal vachomer on Sukkos when one is required to live in the Sukkah, he should certainly be required to eat matzah as well. Applying the principle of gezera shava without basic knowledge can also lead to error. An example of this is "chamisha asar chamisha asar" comparing Pesach to Sukkos because they each fall on the fifteenth of the month, can lead to the same erroneous conclusion. It is not enough to read the thirteen principles as they are written in the siddur; we must know how to apply them in order to learn what can be derived using which principle.

Chazal relate the story of a Tzdukki (Sadducee) who invented the following kal vachomer: if one is permitted to live with one's own wife but not with her daughter, then when it comes to someone else's wife with whom one is forbidden to live, certainly he should be forbidden to live with her daughter. Of course this is absurd because it means one is forbidden to marry the daughter of a married woman! We must know how to determine which kal vachomer is correct and which is not. This is how Moshe Rabenu spent those forty days - learning how to study the Torah in depth.

This too is what Yaakov did during those fourteen years he was in the Yeshiva of Shem and Ever. I don't know whether he only studied the seven mitzvos required of all descendants of Noach or the Torah in its entirety. He was mainly busy acquiring methods of analysis - first in the house of Yitzchak, then in the Yeshiva of Ever.

REMOVING ROCKS
After spending fourteen years in the Yeshiva, Yaakov began his journey towards Charan. He was not a young man at this point - he was seventy-seven years old. Despite this, he succeeded in removing the large rock placed on the mouth of the well to prevent robbers from stealing the water. (See Bereishit 29:2) It usually took all the shepherds together to remove the rock: "When all the flocks were assembled there, they would roll the stone from the mouth of the well and water the sheep." (Bereishit 29:3)

Yaakov removed the rock with ease. "like a person who removes a plug from the mouth of a flask, to let you know that his strength was great." (Rashi Bereishit 29:10)

My esteemed teacher HaRav Chaim Shmuelevitz zt"l asked where Yaakov Avinu got such strength - certainly not from studying in the Yeshiva for fourteen years! In Tefillas Geshem, the prayer for rain recited on Shmini Atzeres, Ashkenazim recite: "yichad lev vegal even mipi be-er mayim" "He dedicated his heart and rolled a stone off the mouth of a well of water." Yaakov's strength was not physical, but came from the dedication of his heart and his faith in Hashem.

One who studies the Torah as he should, and attains this יחוד הלב can accomplish anything. The most difficult task will become like removing a plug from the mouth of a flask. Even the spiritual rock - the yetzer hara is referred to as a rock - can be removed with the proper amount of yichud halev. It all depends how much we involve ourselves in Torah study. When one does not delve into the Torah and serve Hashem properly, the rock is insurmountable.

On Chanukah in Al Hanissim we thank Hashem because:
"You delivered the strong into the hands of the weak, the many into the hands of the few, the impure into the hands of the pure, the wicked into the hands of the righteous, and the wanton into the hands of the diligent students of Your Torah."

The final praise in this sentence - "the wanton into the hands of the diligent students of Your Torah" -sheds light on all the "pairings". The weak defeated the strong because the weak were "diligent students of Your Torah". When one is involved in Torah, the Greeks are not insurmountable - even the elephants of the Greeks are like that plug on the flask.

REINSTATING THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN
The war against the Greeks was a holy one. The Chashmonaim fought not only for the sake of Kiddush Hashem, but in order to save the study of Torah and keeping of mitzvos which the Greeks had forbidden. They were victorious because they had yichud halev.

According to the Rambam, as a result of the war, Israel was victorious in that the kingdom lasted for more than two hundred years. However this was not the main purpose of the Hasmonean uprising. Had Antiochus permitted the Jewish people to observe the Torah, they would have been willing to accept him as their king. Since this was not the case, they rebelled, not to return the kingdom to Jewish hands, but to reinstate the Kingdom of Heaven. Their rebellion was for the sake of giving our sons a bris mila and observing Shabbos, Rosh Chodesh, and other mitzvos.

Involving themselves in the study of Torah and holy pursuits was Am Yisrael's yichud halev against the Greeks - making them like a mere plug on a flask.

It is well-known that the Chazon Ish was able to perform miracles, particularly in the area of medicine, but in other areas as well. I once asked the Rav (HaRav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach) zt"l whether I am required to believe these stories, to which he answered 'Yes.' At the time, similar stories were circulating regarding another individual who supposedly was also a miracle worker and when I asked the Rav whether I should believe those stories, he replied in the negative. (Later I happened to be present when the Chazon Ish performed one of the miracles described, and when the other person attempted to do so unsuccessfully.) The difference between them was that while the other man was observant and had studied some Torah, the Chazon Ish's entire being was the Torah. He delved into it and had insights into all sections of the Shulchan Aruch. Anyone familiar with his seforim can see that the entire Torah was open to him. Such a person can perform miracles.

Yaakov Avinu achieved his shlemus (perfection) by being a yoshev ohalim - by "sitting in the tents (of Torah)," (Bereishis 25:27) by spending fourteen years in the Yeshiva of Shem and Ever without sleeping. This was the only reason Yaakov had the ability to roll that rock off the mouth of the well.

TAKING UPON ONE'S SELF THE YOKE OF TORAH
In Sefer Daniel, the pasuk states: "It will throw truth to the ground, and it will achieve and prosper," (Daniel 8:12) referring to kingdoms he saw in a vision. The Yerushalmi comments that the pasuk teaches us that the kingdom of evil succeeded because truth was thrown to the ground. Truth refers to the Torah. When Klal Yisrael is involved in Torah, the other nations cannot exert control over us.

"Hakol kol Yaakov veheyadayim yedei Esav" - "The voice is Yaakov's voice, but the hands are Esav's hands." (Bereishit 27:22) When the voice of Yaakov is strong in the ways of Torah, the hands of Esav cannot rule over us, but when the voice of Yaakov is not strong, when Yaakov is not involved in the Torah, the hands of Esav can overpower us.

"If someone takes upon himself the yoke of Torah, the yoke of government is removed from him." (Pirke Avot 3:6) It does not matter whether it is the government of Rome or Greece, or America. If today we are obligated to listen to everything America dictates, it is because something is lacking in our acceptance of ol haTorah, the yoke of Torah. Had we observed the mitzvos better, created more Yeshivos and Kollelim, put more effort into our Torah study during our time in Yeshiva, the ol malchus would not be able to overpower us. We must hope and pray that by accepting the yoke of Torah and mitzvos properly, we will be able to rid ourselves of the burden of the other nations, and speedily in our day may we reach the stage of "Then You Hashem will reign alone over all Your works on Mount Zion, resting-place of Your glory." (Shmoe Esrei of Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur)