This is an introduction to the sugya of "Grama" (indirect action) in Hilchos Shabbos & Nezikin. This is relevant to setting up an oven on a timer. One sets into place an eventual cooking but does no direct action of placing food on the fire. In Nezikin we have the cases of someone who removes a blockage and frees the stream of water which in turn inundates an animal, field or human being. We are not dealing with the issue of the lack of Kavana (intention) but rather the absence of a direct action. We will study the case of one who ties a person down at night and the victim will die as a result of the burning sun that comes out by day. On the basis of this analysis we can address the question of technological innovation & Halacha.
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