When Reuvain plants his tree near the boundary of Shimon's field he damages Shimon on two levels. Firstly, when Reuvain plows the ground around his tree, his plow crosses over the boundary and damages Shimon's field. Secondly, the roots of the tree below the ground spread out to the ground of Shimon and obstruct his plow. In order to prevent these damages, Reuvain must plant his tree at a distance of 4 Amos from the boundary of Shimon's field. If Reuvain failed to comply with this requirement, even if there is a fence separating the two fields and preventing the first damage above ground, he is damaging Shimon below the ground with his roots, and Shimon is allowed to cut these roots up until a depth of 3 tfachim. This serves to prove Abaye.
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